三酸甘油酯Triglyceride

疾病

在人體內高三酸甘油脂含量與動脈硬化有關，加上高血壓會提高冠狀動脈性心臟病與中風的可能性。不過三酸甘油脂含量的影響比LDL:HDL比率的影響要低。其原因可能是因為三酸甘油脂含量與HDL膽固醇含量之間的反正比例關係。

高三酸甘油脂指數導致的另一個疾病是胰腺炎。

降低三酸甘油脂指數

有人建議通過帶氧運動和低糖類的食物來降低三酸甘油脂指數。魚肉中含的奧米加-3脂肪酸（每天約5克）、每天一至數克煙酸（維他命B3）以及羥甲戊二醯輔酶A還原酶抑製劑被用來降低三酸甘油脂指數。二甲苯氧庚酸被用在極高水準的三酸甘油脂情況下。但是由於它們無效，在有些情況下甚至提高死亡率，因此它們被撤出北美市場。酗酒會提高三酸甘油脂指數。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceride
C55H98O6 RCOO-CH2CH(-OOCR')CH2-OOCR"
Role in disease

See also the main article hypertriglyceridemia

In the human body, high levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream have been linked to atherosclerosis, and, by extension, the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, the negative impact of raised levels of triglycerides is lower than that of LDL:HDL ratios.[citation needed] The risk can be partly accounted for by a strong inverse relationship between triglyceride level and HDL-cholesterol level.

Another disease caused by high triglycerides is pancreatitis.

[edit] Guidelines

The American Heart Association has set guidelines for triglyceride levels:[2]
Level mg/dL Level mmol/L Interpretation
<150 <1.69 Normal range, low risk
150-199 1.70-2.25 Borderline high
200-499 2.26-5.65 High
>500 >5.65 Very high: high risk

Please note that this information is relevant to triglyceride levels as tested after fasting 8 to 12 hours. Triglyceride levels remain temporarily higher for a period of time after eating.

When some fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies, overproduction can result in ketoacidosis.

[edit] Reducing triglyceride levels

Moderating the consumption of fats, alcohol and carbohydrates and partaking of aerobic exercise are considered essential to reducing triglyceride levels. Omega-3 fatty acids from fish, flax seed oil or other sources, (up to 3g per day in US, but up to 2g in Europe where it should be associated with Omega-6 with a ideal ω_6/ω_3 ratio near 5, unless under physician care)[3], Omega-6 fatty acids, one or more grams of niacin (mega-dose vitamin B-3) per day and some statins reduce triglyceride levels.

Except in Japan, it is generally admitted that most populations in western countries are lacking omega-3 nutritional sources. As a result ingesting of excessively high levels of saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids in order to assimilate enough omega-6 fatty acids is common. The ideal ratio ω_6/ω_3 = 5 is almost never met and is most often too high (about 12 in France, up to 80 in the caucasian population of the US and Canada), and unused high levels of saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids accumulate in the body in the form of triglycerides that do not participate in the needed syntheses in the body.

In some cases Fibrates have been used as they can bring down TGs substantially. However they are not used as a first line measure as they can have unpleasant or dangerous side effects. In one case due to an increase in mortality, clofibrate was withdrawn from the North American market.[citation needed]

Alcohol abuse can cause elevated levels of triglycerides.

It is believed that "high fructose corn syrup" forces tryglycerides into the bloodstream.[citation needed]